The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Public Assistance (PA) program provides financial and direct federal assistance (e.g., federal supplies, personnel) to states, tribes, and territories when authorized as part of a presidential declaration under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (the Stafford Act, P.L. 93-288, as amended). PA’s broad scope includes assistance for urgent response activities undertaken immediately before or after an incident occurs, as well as long-term recovery assistance completed years later. Every U.S. state, territory, and the District of Columbia received PA over the past decade.